Diminishing the Gap of Hierarchy: The Evolution of Christian Clothing

Human civilizations have evolved throughout the centuries. And this evolution paved the way to the emergence of industrialization, urbanization and globalization, which eventually affected some special areas in our lives such as our livelihood, culture, tradition, and even religion. Some examples of the most significant changes we have experienced are the improvement of the tools we use (from stones to polymers), the clothes we wear (from animal skin to synthetic fibers), the house we live in (from caves to mansions), etc. And speaking of clothes, we can never ignore the increasing trend nowadays of wearing Christian clothing. Clothing includes shirts, caps and other accessories which carry biblical messages on them. A lot of factors have brought the evolution of clothing but the two most prominent of these are none other than human intelligence and imagination.

As human beings are being affected by the evolution, all types of societies and communities are being influenced too. That is, they become more and more vulnerable to outside forces and inevitably become more and more open to new ideas. Communities learn to communicate and share with each other through trade. They exchange valuable products that they think the other party needed the most. Pagan communities gradually became Christians, and barbarian people slowly became refined. And this Christian conversion never cease, as we can see by the gentle conversion movement through Christian clothing. Christian clothing is actually a peaceful way of sharing one's faith with other persons. And clothing is developed to change other people's hearts for the better.

This type of evolution in the community or society does not only happen in large scale; it also happens to small units or groups such as the Church. Perhaps the most important change that happened in the Church is the use of English and other popular languages in preaching and in re-producing the Bible, as a substitute for Latin. This step helped diminish the gap between the clergy and the laity. Another significant change is the modernization of Christian clothes worn especially during Sunday masses. Before, it was the tradition to wear fine clothing during Sunday but now, it is highly encouraged to wear informal clothing. And to encourage this type of clothing, some Christian artists and businessmen targeted the clothing designs. Christian clothing nowadays has urban designs which allow us to wear them anytime, anywhere.

This change to informal Christian clothing most benefits the youth of this generation. They can openly express themselves to others and to their Church community without being look down on. And as a sign of this support for freedom of self-expression through clothing, some businesses are now printing and selling Christian clothing and accessories that will let everyone express their faith no matter what they are wearing. What's more, these youngsters can choose the clothing that best fit their personality and the design that best represent what they believe in.

Legacy Movement is a Christian clothing and Christian t-shirts company that allows believers to share their faith in Jesus, and be fashionable. Please visit their site at www.thelegacymovement.com

Darwinian Natural Selection - An Unproven Theory of Evolution

It is fashionable nowadays to blame Anglo-Saxon culture and ideology for the recent mishaps of imperialism and capitalism. A few of us in the science and engineering community are happy to contribute to this fashion with a critique of a very particular Anglo-Saxon idea. We have within our sights perhaps the most cherished idea of the Victorian era, Darwin's theory of natural selection. While we have been musing in the stuffy coffee rooms of our technical faculties over the lack of any real scientific evidence for this theory of evolution, many secularist-humanist scientists, and of course Richard Dawkins in particular, have been championing Darwin as the bulwark of the European scientific enlightenment. Dawkins' commitment to science is understandable in the historical context of the European Christian churches' antagonism with scientific progress and, in the past decades, the US evangelical churches' disavowal of evolution in favour of creationist myths. However, Dawkins suggests that natural selection is an accepted scientific law and the primary biological process by which evolution takes place. This is not the case, as I hope to explain below.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics was superseded by Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life" in 1859. Briefly, the difference between these two theories is as follows. Defining evolution narrowly as the adaptation of biological organisms across generations to a changing environment, Lamarckian evolution is the result of a direct chemical interaction between each and every organism and the environment, whereas Darwinian evolution applies selectively to organisms that happen to have inherited random mutations favourable to survival and reproduction. Let's say that a change in the environment occurs around time zero. Lamarck proposed that all organisms, in struggling to deal with the changed environment, contain responsive chemical processes within the biological organs that pass hereditary traits to offspring, which naturally predispose the offspring to be more adapted to the changed environment. In this case, evolution takes place from one generation to the next at the same time (time zero) that the change in environment is taking place. However, in Darwin's view, it is random mutations that affect the adaptability of organisms in future generations. Hence, a random mutation in a singular organism, which takes place during reproduction many generations prior to time zero, leads in successive generations to a select group of organisms within the wider population carrying this mutation. When the change of environment takes place, it so happens that these mutated organisms are more capable of survival and reproduction than the rest of the population (including segments of the population with other mutations that are not favourable in the changed environment).

I'd like to put forward two criticisms of Darwin's theory. The idea of randomness in nature has been superseded by chaos theory. This theory states that in dynamic natural systems the outcome of any process, although appearing to be random and apparently bearing no connection with the starting conditions, is in fact the result of a very complex set of physical processes. In other words, the outcome of a particular natural process is extremely sensitive to the starting conditions, and widely different results are obtained with rather small changes in the starting conditions. In this case, any mutation during the reproduction of an organism is the result of chaos in nature, not randomness, and is highly dependent on the environment that the organism lives in at the time of reproduction. We may not be able to predict what mutations will take place, but we can say that mutations are intimately related to the environment. Furthermore, if we think of a chaotic biological process in terms of a complex set of chemical reactions, we can also speculate that the reactions would tend towards thermodynamic outcomes with respect to the environment. This tendency is adequately expressed by the Chatelier-Braun principle, which states that a reversible chemical reaction acts in the direction counter to any change in environmental conditions. Such thermodynamic principles are empirically verifiable and, if applicable to biological reproduction, would be consistent with a Lamarckian notion of evolution.

The second criticism relates to Richard Dawkins' extension of Darwin's theory. Dawkins is a proponent of gene determinism. Genes are said to be the unit of selection, whereby 'random' mutations in DNA during cell division or gamete (ovum or sperm) production lead to selected genes (those that survive and are readily reproduced in the changing environment). He further proposes that in effect genes are self-propagating physical entities ('selfish replicators' in his terms) and their influences extend far into the phenotype. This leads to the absurd view amongst advocates of Darwinian evolution that, essentially, women have not contributed to human evolution. Their argument is as follows. Since a woman produces all her lifetime's ova at one time, whereas a man produces sperm throughout the course of his life, mutations are much more likely in the case of the male gamete, and therefore men are primarily responsible for human evolution. The geneticist Steve Jones at UCL takes this line of thought to an end-of-evolution conclusion: 'human evolution is grinding to a halt because of a shortage of older fathers in the West' [The Times, 7 October 2008]. In fact, the scientific evidence is pointing to the womb as the primary location of biological adaptation, not through selection but a natural process of chemical responses to environment factors. The evidence is emerging from the relatively new field of epigenetics, particularly the work of Moshe Szyf and co-workers at McGill University in California. The headlines such as "Nurture Takes the Spotlight" [GeneImprint, 25 Apr 2006], "DNA is not Destiny" [Discover, 22 Nov 2006], and "Environment Becomes Heredity" [Miller-McCune, 14 Jul 2008] speak of a revolution (literally) in science, returning to a Lamarckian notion of evolution.

In conclusion, Darwinian natural selection is not only an unproven theory, but more and more a discredited theory. In addition, the latest research suggests that human biological evolution is not centred on our genetics, and certainly not on sperm-centred genetic mutations, but the wider systems biology of the womb.

Dr Mortaza Sahibzada is a research associate at Imperial College London. He can be contacted at m.sahibzada@imperial.ac.uk.

Mattress Evolution - What You Need to Know

The evolution of the mattress started thousands of years ago. One thing to note is around 3000 B.C., cavemen were smarter than the stereotypical Geico commercials we see today. Back then they would lay stones on the ground and cover them with animal skin to use as a bed. However, we want to start the evolution around the 1800s when mattresses were nothing more than sheets packed with feathers.

It was a great innovation during that time, but it definitely wasn't the greatest idea either. In the beginning there were newspaper articles written about how individuals spent all day filling mattresses with feathers. The problems that came with this idea is that the support wasn't anywhere to be found. They would get ruined easily and there were many times when the feathers would poke through the sheets while you were sleeping and disrupt the evening.

Society dealt with this for quite awhile, but eventually the spring mattress was born. In the beginning there were only 3 or 4 companies that released them, but they were so popular that feather mattresses were soon a thing of the past. When the box spring was invented they were able to provide you with even more support. Eventually this was the standard in the industry and lasted for several years, until something new surfaced.

The space program changed the world in ways that we cannot yet realize. There were a number of materials that came from the experimentation of that era, one of them being Velcro. What many people do not realize however, is that the memory foam mattress is a product of the space age.

It's hard to believe that memory foam was never used, but it was originally intended to be padding for astronauts in the space shuttle. We aren't sure why, but they decided to scrap the idea all together and memory foam was a thing of the past. Several years later though the formula was still unstable, but released to the public. During this time companies learned how to harness its abilities and offer it to the general public.

The advantage of memory foam is that it can conform to the shape of a person's body and will shift depending on where the person moves to on the mattress. This is intended to relieve pressure points and allow an individual to have a great night's sleep. It works. Also, be sure not to miss the various King Sheet Sets.

Once this became a reality there were companies who continued to refine the mattress and provide more features. Things such as solid mattresses have become popular for several years, but there have also been various other choices like water beds. We all know that the bed has gone through a lot of changes over the years, and while some of them were beneficial, others were a waste of time. In the end it's all about feeling comfortable and when it comes to mattresses this isn't the easiest thing to do. We bet if you do a little research you can find one that fits your needs and desires perfectly. This way you won't wake up with back pain, headaches, or other issues that come with a bad sleeping environment.

Joseph Salem helps with an online Bed Duvet Covers Site that educates consumers about different types of Bed Duvet Cover products and much more.

Basic Difference Between Humans and Animals

When you train animals good and lovingly they, more generally than not, become worthwhile, valuable and trustworthy creatures. When you educate children lovingly with high education many of them become adults with a criminal inclination that can do great injury to other people or even to a great segment of society. I mean hereby that a well-trained animal will lose its predatory nature and will trust its master for its needs in return for its obedience. That is what animal training is all about and people are very good at training animals- -any kind of animal.

When you train children through a well-rounded university training the child's predatory nature seems to be reinforced and awakened in the adult. We can see this in the behavior of professionals- -such as lawyers, financial gurus, doctors, and many other types of professionals catering to the needs of individuals. One cannot expect full dedicated service from them because they set things up so that you will become dependent on them so they can continue to charge you their outrageous rates. They give you diluted, marginal service.

When you go to a medical doctor, for instance, you are not expected to pay your fee for all the things he knows but you do not need. You pay him for knowing, exactly, what you do need. If he starts guessing and his guesses do not pay off for your health situation, the doctor has not provided you with the skill and knowledge you do specifically need. You, thus, got nothing of value in return for your fee to him. My wife has good experience with that with many of the medical professionals she has seen. It just does not seem fair.

We must realize that we, the public as a collection of individuals, provided for their training. We are the ones authorizing their education and paying a great deal toward their education through taxes, grants, voluntary services, etc. They bite the hand that allowed them to be educated.

For instance, I know of a patent lawyer to bring a patent application into the best shape possible so that the patent application does not become a sort of ping-pong ball, bouncing back and forth between the lawyer and the patent office. One has to pay through the nose upfront to retain them. The lawyer never returned any phone calls, emails and letters. It was as if he were god, unreachable. His office typed the invention as given by his client. There was no iota difference. The lawyer was told repeatedly to rephrase the wording of the claims in the patent. It ended up that the client's wording, not the lawyer's was sent in to the patent office.

He was also demanded of him, repeatedly, to request for priority handling because of old age allowance for the client, because the nation would save huge amounts of diesel fuel and because the patent could have military significance. This request can only be made once- -together with the original filing. Yet, the application was filed without this request.  

Then, the lawyer was paid extra, upfront, to belatedly file that request. This was never done either.

On the other hand, it happens quite regularly that I pay for $30.00 groceries or prescriptions with a $100 or $50 bill, and then walk out without even thinking of receiving my change. It has never happened that the clerk did not call me back, or followed me to my car to hand me the change. See the picture. Doctors, dentists and psychiatrists always take my money (I do not have insurance), and will not return a dime even though their involvement did not resolve my problems. We all can tell similar stories about that.

Doctors, psychiatrists, dentists, even clerics of the many diverse religions, you name them- -they all do the same routinely. A dentist some twenty years back claimed to have found 15 cavities that needed his attention. The fellow never came back to him but the next dentist he went to 3 years later claimed he could only find 3. I wonder if that guy even had those 3. It truly is outrageous that educated people deliberately do these things. I am sure that all of you can recount many similar incidents.

I can go on and on finding ever more instances myself. We have all felt serious losses due to the foul play of top-level financial gurus and bureaucrats in this present economic crisis. Since the inception of the Federal Reserve Board financial crises are manufactured. The Board's powers and authorities lie exactly in the role of guiding the economy so that such crises cannot take place. The board's powers are so great that it is just a minor routine to create a financial crisis.

I believe that the difference between trained animals and humans lies in that animals have no trouble loving and respecting their masters for what they are. Educated people, however, strife to love themselves more than others; and to be master more than being of being a subordinate or of true service. Their drive for success and scholarly recognition seems to thwart many from using their learned skills for altruistic goals.

Trained animals understand that trying to be a master is an endeavor in futility but humans erroneously believe that when enough authority, power and cunning are exerted there can be no one greater than he or she. Power leads to insanity and insanity leads to everlasting unhappiness.

Trained animals, because they strife to have no more than what is needed now for their maintenance can find happiness and can accept love and return love genuinely towards their master(s). Educated people, however, because they are driven by gain of lucre, vanity and jealousy, insist to gain more power, wealth and recognition than others at whatever costs to others; which drive leads to an insane type of competitive existence where happiness and love are sacrificed for the goal of being seen and recognized as a master of some sort. Utopia cannot be found on earth because enough, supposedly intelligent, educated people intensively strife to prevent it.

Masters are feared and envied but are never loved and honored. Masters in any kind of endeavor rely on their prowess and cunning to produce riches and arts of the material kind. Whoever reveres a master cannot know love and is spiritually lost. Fear and love for the same entity cannot coexist. Both love and fear produce obedience and cooperation. Genuine cooperation comes either through love or fear- -never together by the same person for the same master, not in animals and not in humans.

Both emotions produce somewhat the same effect, but the master insists on being feared over being loved. Masters instill fear. Masters feign love, but with a blunt instrument held behind the back, which instrument enforces fear in subordinates and masters practice deceit on their clients routinely and professionally.

However, there is one type of master that does not seek riches, power and prestige. There are very, very few of such masters because they seek to bring understanding of spiritual truth to others. It is a futile type of endeavor because there is no commercial market that can be served. The true master's teaching is absolutely not sought in the world or even in the universe. The truth these masters are willing to give will destroy a supposed pupil's dependence on physical reality. It will leave them in a physical and mental void. For physical creatures this is an utterly ridiculous proposition because it would destroy the primary purpose of their physical nature. Yet, physical nature is but a spiritual dream. It is an extreme in cold turkey effect in humans that prevents soul's true redemption.

Any form of belief is a state of brainwashing. The more certain a person is about, for instance, his religious faith, the more wrong the person is. Religions brainwash their adherents. It makes adherents comfortable in their physical situation and gives them false 'hope' in a comfortable 'here-after'. It is the only way creeds get into existence and by which they become wide-spread and by which they are maintained. For instance; being a dedicated American citizen, as recognized by the news media and the general public, is a state of conditioned brainwashing. Having physical awareness as a creature is a state of spiritual brainwashing. It is the spiritual entity's conditioned state of believing a spiritual lie over the spiritual truth. A soul who believes a structural lie about true reality negates and forgets that reality completely. Humans as physical creatures can only see the truth according to the spiritual lie believed by their brainwashed spiritual entities (souls). The word 'soul' truly means a spiritual entity spiritually deceived and of no real effect.

Our deceiver is our god Jehovah, the serpent. Because of a spiritual lie believed we, as souls, are dead to the true spiritual reality. Now, according to the supposed truth about the lie we have physical, but not spiritual, awareness. The physical reality has taken on a guise of being genuine. This is exactly the result professional brainwashers seek to instill into their victims/pupils. Totally brainwashed people see the world through brainwashed conditioned awareness. They are convinced that what they now know is the truth about reality- -but unfortunately, this state of being brainwashed spiritually, when one does not receive outside spiritual help, closes all mental doors for return to the true state of affairs in spirit. That is the very, and only reason that the spirit in Jesus came among us. We, as hallucinatory projections of deceived spirit, are the only means for this spirit of truth in Jesus to get in touch with our deceived and comatose souls.

Brainwashed people are extremely outspoken and adamant about the propaganda they believe. It is the mental effort of making sense of, and believing in propaganda that makes the brainwashing stick in one's mind. That is the reason for the authoritative behavior of highly trained people. They truly believe all the hype they learned, and if they do not do so they pretend to reap whatever reward they think is due to them for having all that education. It does really pay off.

Any outside effort to correct a brainwashed/educated person's misperceived outlook on reality will meet with very strong adamant resistance. If one wants to do this to a group of brainwashed people/professionals, the group can become seriously hostile toward the speaker and might even want to kill the speaker (as they did to Jesus).

Here is the real problem: the more education (brainwashing) a person has received in his life, and the more the person relies on making a livelihood with the material learned, the more easy it is to continue to brainwash the person and the harder it is to make him/her see the falsehood of his misperceptions. This is a general truth, well understood by propaganda scientists and technical experts.  Educated people had to absorb enormous amounts of truly unverified information. They are sitting ducks for clever propagandists.

It is much harder to shed one's false beliefs on which one's whole physical existence seems to depend than to believe a lie about the original 'truth'. What parades in our minds as the 'truth' is easy and unencumbered by mental gymnastics because we grew up, and were continually conditioned into it. One could say it is cheap because it costs us no mental effort to remain in original truth (whatever one could conceive this truth to be- -this truth could very well be a lie). So, when someone comes along and tells a differing opinion about this 'truth' that so far outshines the conditions for him in the present truth, it is easy to make the lie stick and make this differing opinion the new truth and to chuck out the previous truth. This called a process of seduction or propaganda- -I call it a system of lies. That is what happened between Woman and the serpent. Once a lie is believed about her true 'reality', she lost that reality because the lie made it disappear so that a reality based on the lie can appear and can now be disguised as the truth.

All creatures are caught in a spiritual delusion that is the foundation of some sense of physical reality. Because of the spiritual delusion presently held in soul physical reality appeared and established itself as true reality; but it is the common spiritual fiction held in the mind of all physical creatures. We all see the universe for what it is because the delusion is common. We were taught to see it the way we see it and we reinforce this delusion on each other every moment- -just as religious groups reinforce their delusions on each other.

We must get a grip on our spiritual nature. If we are spiritually awake, why do we have a physical sense of awareness and absolutely no spiritual awareness of being? We either are spiritually awake or physically awake. Again the proposition is to be or not to be. Not to be is to negate our higher or innate spiritual reality and thus to be aware in the physical sense. In physical nature nothing is laid down in hard and fast rules. Everything is relative- -even our physical sense of awareness. This clearly indicates a spiritual confusion. Spirit can only be confused when it is unaware of it true environment; hence physical creatures are delusions of souls' spiritual minds.

Because of the spiritual delusion true reality vanished and its surrogate "physical reality" came into expression and true reality was deliberately rejected, repressed and utterly forgotten.

The truth that will set one free is that creatures have believed a spiritual lie and are now caught in utter nothingness, which nothingness is the necessary foundation for the acceptance of a surrogate fictional reality- -physical reality.

True reality cannot be lost as long as one is in full agreement with it. One is eternal. The proof that physical creatures exist in a fictional reality is that they must be born into it and must die and lose the physical sense of the reality of their, supposed, primal mode of being. Creatures, obviously, are not eternal so they must be ficitonal.

It is only possible to enter into and exit from a sense of reality when one realizes that one is dealing with fiction. One can, also, exit true spiritual reality, only, when one is cleverly seduced to accept a structural lie about that sense of original reality; because once a lie is introduced into one's spiritual sense of true reality (incorporates a fiction in one's understanding of the true environment) it is not a true reality anymore but a fiction. When this is fully understood, one has learned what the "Tree Of The Knowledge Of Good And Evil" offers to teach us as spirits. Lies/propaganda when believed will eject us from our sense of previous fiction into a new, cleverly arranged fiction. This process is always at work in physical reality- -that is why our understanding of reality will not be that of our offspring in the near and farther removed future.

The true master enlightens the pupil on the truth that was lost by taking the delusion seriously. Once a pupil again grasps the spiritual truth of its condition, and the reality of a spiritual realm that was lost thereby, he/she can relinquish the physical universe and is in a position to wake up in true reality- -the true reality on which all spiritual beingness is based. That, folk, is true soul travel!

Humans, however, have a remote ability of grasping the truth of their spiritual dilemma, while animals are utterly incapable of it. Therefore humans have a chance on spiritual redemption while animals have not. However, animals can contemplate their situation and experience like humans but in most cases are incapable of taking rational action, because of physical and mental limitations in their bodily make-up. The hyper-anxiety native to their nature prevents any spiritual thought.

Animals are like humans but animals have accepted a greater set of systems of lies than humans. The lies they, as souls, have believed have overcome their spiritual capacity to seek redemption. Truth has become out of reach and reality based on a lie has taken the foreground permanently. Humans, by default, are on a journey to become fully animal. Spiritual evolution spirals downward away from spiritual reality into situations of even more confining traps of receding, spiritual and physical aliveness. Only understanding the truth of our spiritual situation can abruptly reverse this downward spiral and reestablish soul in true reality. The truth, as Jesus taught, will set us free from bondage of existence in a set of spiritual and universal lies believed.  This is the only message the spirit in Jesus came down to earth to teach.

Even though most religious creeds teach that 'truth will set you free' very few have any idea what class of truth this statement deals with. Many people have stated the true facts about an incident as they can remember or perceive them and by stating the true facts may have gotten them selves in serious trouble. By not knowing with what sort of truth we are dealing in Jesus' statement people must continue to reincarnate; because there are only two sorts of reality- -true reality and a derivative of true reality by including a structural lie into the true reality. This lie will erase reality from one's spiritual mind and substitute a false one.

As long as souls continue to accept the lie there is only one place they can be at all- -the false reality.  A reality where everything is relative; where good can become evil simply through clever propaganda campaigns and evil can parade as good. The Bible states that the devil always comes to you in a disguise of good- -a shining angel of truth. What is more like such a brightly shining angel than our god Jehovah, himself? He is the serpent we took as the truth-sayer in spirit; and Jesus is his adversary who came among us to reclaim back those who can have his true spiritual truth; its opposite- -the original true spiritual truth. Or, of course, Jesus can be made to be seen as a spiritual adversary/serpent in Jehovah's garden- -the physical universe. So, if Jesus parades as the Christ in our, Jehovah-conditioned minds, then from the perspective of the spiritual war, Jesus, the intruder from beyond the boundaries of the universe, is really an adversary/anti-Christ of Jehovah.

Seek to grasp the truth of your spiritual situation before your soul will atrophy to sole dependence for beingness in the natural, physical realm as animals. Animal life is the first step in hell that is irreversible.

Everything we have learned and experienced in earth: of a physical, religious, philosophical and scientific nature is spiritual fiction that will reinforce the delusion of fictional reality on you and continues to hide the spiritual reality. One can see that regaining the original spiritual truth is most improbable for almost all of us- -even our understanding of spirit is delusion. We have been so deceived spiritually that souls continue to determinedly negate their own real existence (remain comatose to true reality) and pretend existence in a philosophy of lies. This pretense reveals itself as, very real-seeming physical reality.

Hans van Krieken

You can learn more from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Hans_VanKrieken and his website http://www.sciencefictionofreality.com

c) Copyright - Hans van Krieken. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.

Evolution of Bed Bugs

There is good reason to believe that the bedbugs must have evolved from certain winged insects like the fleas and mosquitoes as upon closer examination one can notice the remains of wings on the backs of bedbugs. Even the lengthy body shape of the bedbugs is suggestive of an earlier flying creature.

The flat and tubular body shape of the bedbugs enables them to easily and stealthily slip into narrow crevices. A sort of reddish brown is the natural color of a bedbug - although at times, they appear in golden tawny color. If you study carefully, you will observe that most insect species look similar. For instance, all ants or honey bees look alike. The same is true of bedbugs.

Interestingly, every creature that lives on earth today has evolved from an earlier life form. Researchers say the understanding of the evolution process requires in-depth analysis of fossil remains of creatures that existed in the remote past.

There is not much of evolution in evidence now presumably because all existing creatures are more stable and do not change. Evolution only occurs when something disturbs the equilibrium in such a way as to threaten a species with extinction.

Bedbugs were earlier flying bugs which subsequently evolved into crawlers and began biting human beings to suck human blood. Of course, it is a fact that human beings are more susceptible to insect bites as they have no protective fur or feathers enveloping their bodies.

The best time to bite a human being is when they are in a sound sleep. Since earliest men lived in open tents and led nomadic lives with their herds of animals, a flying bug would have found it more convenient to be a bug that could squeeze through cracks and crevices so as to gain access to a tent at night.

The bugs then chose to remain in hiding inside the tent so as to avoid being swatted or crushed. Besides, bedbugs have a strong affinity for all natural fibers. As these were the materials the primitive men carried with them whenever they shifted places, the bedbugs also traveled with the men.

Thus, being a crawling bug was lot more convenient than being a flying bug which would then have to persistently keep searching for new tent. Besides flying around inside a tent would have exposed them to getting swatted. So, flying would be perilous while crawling and hiding would be safer for survival.

Another interesting factor is much energy would be burned by the flying bugs in hunting for human blood with increased risk, whereas the crawling bug which goes into hiding is able to save energy and requires less food.

Studies have revealed that present day bedbugs only bite once every week which minimizes their exposure and consequent risk of being swatted. A crawling bug which hides within natural fibers is an energy-conserving creature.

A plausible explanation why a mosquito-like bug has evolved into the bedbug of today has validity though seemingly weird. When human population increases, there is a perceptible decline in animal population, and this presumably leads the flying insects to evolve into the higher species of livestock and livestock to human beings.

Peterson is an expert author for bed bugs. He has written many articles about Wasps exterminator, Moles, Silverfish, bedbug. For more information visit our site bed bug extermination. Contact him at avonpestcontrol@gmail.com

The Combative Strategy of the Five Animals of Shaolin Kung Fu

The Martial Arts, and this includes Shaolin kung fu, are passed on through unique strategies of motion. They are, at their source, a mythology created to represent a unique methodology. They are the science of an ancient culture, passed down to us by dance.

Thus, to understand the martial arts, we must ask ourselves what martial science were the ancients trying to pass along. Science is science, however, and I think you will find that the real reasons for the five animals are quite logical. Also, you will find that there is a distinct combat strategy behind the animals.

The tiger is an aggressive animal, and he is designed to go forward. Claws and teeth, he drags down the runner and rends him fiercely. Thus, the direction of the Tiger is forward, and he charges and charges and charges.

The Crane is a lighter animal, giving way as he manipulates and uses legs. He does not run, but rather and deflects the attack to set up his kicks. He does not charge, but fights on the edge of a circle, never letting that circle collapse.

The Snake coils and twists and allows the attacker to get close. The artful deflections of the crane become full blown traps and locks under the deceptive practices of the snake. Thus, the snake gives way without giving way, allowing the enemy to fall into trickiness and deception.

There is some argument whether the fifth animal is a leopard or monkey, and I opt for the monkey. Whichever animal you choose as the best representation of Shaolin Kung Fu, the attribute of the animal is tricky footwork and the ability to acrobat and gyrate out of the fight. Thus, the Monkey (leopard) has the ability to extract himself from the fight and reset the whole thing to whatever animal characteristic he is strongest at.

The fifth animal is the dragon, and this is an imaginary animal which represents the best of the previous four animals. The dragon is the embodiment of understanding and employing all animals so that they work together. Run, manipulate, trick or flee, the dragon does them all, smoothly and at the right time.

The five animals of Shaolin Kung Fu represent motions in space, and a distinct distance of combat. Practice each animal until you have mastered the talent, then blend them all together. This is the fighting strategy of the Five Animals of Shaolin Kung Fu.

Al Case has studied Shaolin Kung Fu for 31 years. You can find out about his unique methods of teaching at Monster Martial Arts. Be sure you pick up his free ebook.

Coffee - Its Discovery, Evolution, & Historical Background

Somebody once said "A morning without coffee is like sleep" which is so true. Imagine a morning when you wake up to the exotic smell of the freshly brewed coffee! Isn't it the most rejuvenating feeling and a perfect start of a new day? This is exactly how the magic of the coffee or kaapee (as it is pronounced in South India) is.

This mystical bean is supposed to have originated in a country called Ethiopia and then Yemen in Arabia, way back in the 6th century. It is said that a shepherd called Kaldi noticed a significant change in the behavior of his goats. They seemed to be more energetic and would not sleep even in the nights. On closer inspection, he observed that this was happening due to the consumption of a bright red cherry by the animals. He himself then went ahead and tasted the fruit. He could also feel the same thing happening to him. This was the discovery of the coffee bean, which went on to become the most consumed beverage across the length and breadth of the globe.

The shepherd reportedly told some monks about this wonderful fruit that he had found. The monks in the monastery then went on to brew the seeds which helped them in staying awake for longer stretches. In due course of time, the aroma of coffee spread to the Arab world through the slave trade. It reached Yemen and was deeply appreciated by the Sufi clerics in the country. The first planned coffee cultivation was done in Yemen in the 1300s.

From the 13th to the 15th century, large number of coffee houses sprang up in the city of Mecca and became destinations for people to gather and discuss their day to day affairs over a cup of coffee. Arabia reigned supreme in coffee cultivation for several centuries and exported only the roasted beans to countries with which it had trade links.

But in the 16th century, coffee travelled to India and then later on, the Dutch got hold of it and started its plantation in their South-East Asian colonies. This also resulted in the direct accessibility of coffee in the European part of the globe. There was some resistance to this Muslim drink but later on it was widely accepted. The coffee then progressed on to the North America during the colonization era. Here too it got a lukewarm response as the beverages with alcoholic content were in greater demand. But during the Revolutionary War, the demand for coffee increased as tea was in short supply. This gave a major boost to the coffee industry which continued throughout the American Civil War.

This quickly spread to the South American countries and in 1822 Brazil cleared huge tracts of rainforests for coffee plantation. This was followed by many countries in the Central Americas in the latter half of the 19th century. Today Brazil is the leading producer and exporter of coffee in the world followed by Vietnam and Columbia.

Thus, the small bean which started out in the graze lands of Ethiopia has travelled almost the whole world. It has assumed different forms in different lands and has also taken different names. The importance and scope of this very rejuvenating beverage is clear from the quote "Espresso is to Italy, what champagne is to France". So take a cuppa and enjoy the scintillating aroma of this exotic drink called the COFFEE!

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