Evolution is the change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms, through successive generations, whereas adaptation is getting oneself suited to the habitat. Evolution results from interactions between processes that introduce/ remove variations into a population. As a result, some traits become more or less.
There are 2 main processes which cause some traits to be common or rare in a population.
1. Natural selection: certain traits which aid survival and reproduction become more common and the one's which hinder them become less/rare. Natural selection occurs as only a small proportion of individuals in each generation, survive and reproduce.
2. Iterative process: this adjusts traits so they become better suited to one's environment/ surroundings.
In the evolutionary process, we find that the outcomes can be classified into micro-evolution and macro-evolution. Macro-evolution occurs at or above the level of a species,such as the extinction. Micro-evolution is a smaller evolution also known as adaptation. It may either cause a gain or loss of an ancestral feature.
Adaptation may take many generations and is one of the basic phenomena of biology. It may also refer to a feature which is important for the survival of an organism. It is not always simple for an organism to adapt itself to its surroundings. An organism must be capable of surviving successfully during its development and the stages of evolution.
It occurs through gradual modification of existing structures. It increases fitness by aiding activities such as finding food, avoiding predators or attracting mates. An adaptive trait is an aspect of developmental pattern of the organism which enhances the portability of the organism to survive and reproduce.
Evolution and adaptation are two sides of the same coin. One without the other is not possible. Also, evolution is followed by adaptation.
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